A = np.array([[12, 3, 13, 6], [1, 15, 7, 5], [4, 11, 4, 8], [18, 2, 6, 8]]) print("hand-built:", det(A), "\t numpy:", np.linalg.det(A)) # hand-built: 6706 numpy: 6705.999999999999 __ __