import time
from collections import defaultdict

class RetryBudget:
    def __init__(self, run_limit=12, step_limit=3):
        self.run_limit = run_limit
        self.step_limit = step_limit
        self._total = 0
        self._by_step = defaultdict(int)

    def can_retry(self, step: str) -> bool:
        if self._total >= self.run_limit:
            return False
        return self._by_step[step] < self.step_limit

    def charge(self, step: str) -> None:
        self._total += 1
        self._by_step[step] += 1

    def state(self) -> dict:
        return {"total": self._total, "by_step": dict(self._by_step)}