Answer questions with short factoid answers. --- {Pairs of question-and-answer as samples} --- Follow the following format. Context: may contain relevant facts Question: ${question} Reasoning: Let's think step by step in order to ${produce the answer}. We ... Answer: often between 1 and 5 words --- Context: [1] «Monthly Magazine | The Monthly Magazine (1796–1843) of London began publication in February 1796. Richard Phillips was the publisher and a contributor on political issues. The editor for the first ten years was the literary jack-of-all-trades, Dr John Aikin. Other contributors included William Blake, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, George Dyer, Henry Neele and Charles Lamb. The magazine also published the earliest fiction of Charles Dickens, the first of what would become "Sketches by Boz".» [2] «Who Put the Bomp | Who Put The Bomp was a rock music fanzine edited and published by Greg Shaw from 1970 to 1979. Its name came from the hit 1961 doo-wop song by Barry Mann, "Who Put the Bomp". Later, the name was shortened to "Bomp!"» [3] «Desktop Publishing Magazine | Desktop Publishing magazine (ISSN 0884-0873) was founded, edited, and published by Tony Bove and Cheryl Rhodes of TUG/User Publications, Inc., of Redwood City, CA. ) . Its first issue appeared in October, 1985, and was created and produced on a personal computer with desktop publishing software (PageMaker on a Macintosh), preparing output on a prototype PostScript-driven typesetting machine from Mergenthaler Linotype Company. Erik Sandberg-Diment, a columnist at "The New York Times", tried to buy the venture outright when he saw an early edition.» [4] «Self (magazine) | Self is an American magazine for women that specializes in health, wellness, beauty, and style. Part of Condé Nast, Self had a circulation of 1,515,880 and a total audience of 5,282,000 readers, according to its corporate media kit n 2013. The editor-in-chief is Carolyn Kylstra. "Self" is based in the Condé Nast U.S. headquarters at 1 World Trade Center in New York, NY. In February 2017 the magazine became an online publication.» [5] «Self-Publishing Review | Self-Publishing Review (or "SPR") is an online book review magazine for indie authors founded in 2008 by American author Henry Baum.» [6] «Self-publishing | Self-publishing is the publication of any book, album or other media by its author without the involvement of an established publisher. A self-published physical book is said to have been privately printed. The author is in control of the entire process including, for a book, the design of the cover and interior, formats, price, distribution, marketing, and public relations. The authors can do it all themselves or may outsource some or all of the work to companies which offer these services.» Question: Which of these publications was most recently published, Who Put the Bomp or Self? Reasoning: Let's think step by step in order to determine which publication was most recently published. According to the context, "Who Put the Bomp" was published from 1970 to 1979. On the other hand, "Self" magazine became an online publication in February 2017 after being a print publication. Therefore, "Self" was most recently published. Answer: Self --- Context: [1] «The Victorians | The Victorians - Their Story In Pictures is a 2009 British documentary series which focuses on Victorian art and culture. The four-part series is written and presented by Jeremy Paxman and debuted on BBC One at 9:00pm on Sunday 15 February 2009.» [2] «The Great Victorian Collection | The Great Victorian Collection, published in 1975, is a novel by Northern Irish-Canadian writer Brian Moore. Set in Carmel, California, it tells the story of a man who dreams that the empty parking lot he can see from his hotel window has been transformed by the arrival of a collection of priceless Victoriana on display in a vast open-air market. When he awakes he finds that he can no longer distinguish the dream from reality.» [3] «Victorian (comics) | The Victorian is a 25-issue comic book series published by Penny-Farthing Press and starting in 1999. The brainchild of creator Trainor Houghton, the series included a number of notable script writers and illustrators, including Len Wein, Glen Orbik and Howard Chaykin.» [4] «Jeremy Paxman | Jeremy Dickson Paxman (born 11 May 1950) is an English broadcaster, journalist, and author. He is the question master of "University Challenge", having succeeded Bamber Gascoigne when the programme was revived in 1994.» [5] «Jeremy I | Jeremy I was king of the Miskito nation, who came to power following the death of his father, Oldman, in 1686 or 1687. according to an English visitor, W. M., in 1699, he was about 60 years old at that time, making his birth year about 1639.» [6] «Jeremy Cheeseman | Jeremy Cheeseman (born June 6, 1990 in Manorville, New York) is a former American professional soccer player. Playing two seasons for the Dayton Dutch Lions in the USL Professional Division before retiring due to injury» Question: The Victorians - Their Story In Pictures is a documentary series written by an author born in what year? Reasoning: Let's think step by step in order to determine the birth year of the author who wrote "The Victorians - Their Story In Pictures." According to context [4], Jeremy Paxman, an English broadcaster and journalist, wrote and presented this documentary series. His birth year is provided in the same context. Answer: 1950 --- Context: [1] «Tae Kwon Do Times | Tae Kwon Do Times is a magazine devoted to the martial art of taekwondo, and is published in the United States of America. While the title suggests that it focuses on taekwondo exclusively, the magazine also covers other Korean martial arts. "Tae Kwon Do Times" has published articles by a wide range of authors, including He-Young Kimm, Thomas Kurz, Scott Shaw, and Mark Van Schuyver.» [2] «Kwon Tae-man | Kwon Tae-man (born 1941) was an early Korean hapkido practitioner and a pioneer of the art, first in Korea and then in the United States. He formed one of the earliest dojang's for hapkido in the United States in Torrance, California, and has been featured in many magazine articles promoting the art.» [3] «Scott Shaw (artist) | Scott Shaw (often spelled Scott Shaw!) is a United States cartoonist and animator, and historian of comics. Among Scott's comic-book work is Hanna-Barbera's "The Flintstones" (for Marvel Comics and Harvey Comics), "Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew" (for DC Comics), and "Simpsons Comics" (for Bongo Comics). He was also the first artist for Archie Comics' "Sonic the Hedgehog" comic book series.» [4] «Tae Kwon Do Times | Tae Kwon Do Times is a magazine devoted to the martial art of taekwondo, and is published in the United States of America. While the title suggests that it focuses on taekwondo exclusively, the magazine also covers other Korean martial arts. "Tae Kwon Do Times" has published articles by a wide range of authors, including He-Young Kimm, Thomas Kurz, Scott Shaw, and Mark Van Schuyver.» [5] «Scott Savitt | Scott Savitt is a former foreign correspondent for The Los Angeles Times and United Press International in Beijing. His articles have been published in The Los Angeles Times, Washington Post http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/18/AR2008041802635.html, Wall Street Journal, New York Times, and many other publications.» [6] «Scott Poulson-Bryant | Scott Poulson-Bryant is an award-winning American journalist and author. One of the co-founding editors of Vibe magazine in 1992 (and the editor who gave the magazine its name), Poulson-Bryant's journalism, profiles, reviews, and essays have appeared in such publications as the "New York Times", "the Village Voice", "Rolling Stone", "Spin", "Essence", "Ebony", and "The Source". He is the author of "HUNG: A Meditation on the Measure of Black Men in America" (published by Doubleday Books in 2006) and a novel called "The VIPs".» Question: Which magazine has published articles by Scott Shaw, Tae Kwon Do Times or Southwest Art? Reasoning: Let's think step by step in order to determine which magazine published articles by Scott Shaw. According to the context provided, Scott Shaw has contributed to "Tae Kwon Do Times," which is mentioned in both [1] and [4]. There is no mention of Scott Shaw contributing to "Southwest Art." Answer: Tae Kwon Do Times --- Context: [1] «1972 FA Charity Shield | The 1972 FA Charity Shield was contested between Manchester City and Aston Villa.» [2] «1968 FA Charity Shield | The 1968 FA Charity Shield was a football match played on 3 August 1968 between Football League champions Manchester City and FA Cup winners West Bromwich Albion. It was the 46th Charity Shield match and was played at City's home ground, Maine Road. Manchester City won 6–1.» [3] «1973 FA Charity Shield | The 1973 FA Charity Shield was contested between Burnley and Manchester City in a fixture that took place at Maine Road.» [4] «List of Aston Villa F.C. seasons | This is a list of seasons played by Aston Villa Football Club in English and European football, from 1879 (the year of the club's first FA Cup entry) to the most recent completed season. Aston Villa football club was founded in March, 1874, by members of the Villa Cross Wesleyan Chapel in Aston. Throughout the 1870s Aston Villa played a small amount of games. At least one game, against Aston Brook St Mary's was played with one half under Rugby rules and the other under football rules. In the 1880s the game became more formalised and in 1888, William McGregor formed the Football League with 11 other clubs.» [5] «List of Aston Villa F.C. records and statistics | Aston Villa Football Club are an English professional association football club based in Aston, Birmingham, who currently play in the EFL Championship. The club was founded in 1874 and have played at their current home ground, Villa Park, since 1897. Aston Villa were founding members of the Football League in 1888 and the Premier League in 1992. They are one of the oldest and most successful football clubs in England, having won the First Division Championship seven times and the FA Cup seven times. In 1982 the club became one of only five English clubs to win the European Cup.» [6] «Aston Villa F.C. | Aston Villa Football Club ( ; nicknamed Villa, The Villa, The Villans and The Lions) is a professional football club in Aston, Birmingham, that plays in the Championship, the second level of English football. Founded in 1874, they have played at their current home ground, Villa Park, since 1897. Aston Villa were one of the founder members of the Football League in 1888 and of the Premier League in 1992.» Question: In what year was the club founded that played Manchester City in the 1972 FA Charity Shield Reasoning: Let's think step by step in order to determine the founding year of the club that played against Manchester City in the 1972 FA Charity Shield. According to context [1], the match was contested between Manchester City and Aston Villa. To find the founding year of Aston Villa, we refer to context [4], which states that Aston Villa Football Club was founded in March, 1874. Answer: 1874 --- Context: [1] «William Hughes Miller | William Hughes Miller (born March 16, 1941, Kosciusko, Mississippi) is a professor at the University of California, Berkeley and a leading researcher in the field of theoretical chemistry.» [2] «William Read Miller | William Read Miller (November 23, 1823November 29, 1887) was the 12th Governor of the State of Arkansas. Born in Batesville, Arkansas; Miller was Arkansas's first native born Governor. Serving two terms in the turbulent period after Reconstruction, Miller's four-year administration marked the beginnings of New Departure Democrats in Arkansas. Running on a platform of economic growth via reconciliation between whites and freedmen, Miller often was opposed by members of his own party during the infancy of the Lost Cause ideology. His plans to pay back a large state debt including the Holford Bonds, valued at $14 million ($ million today), were often interrupted by racial violence, and his support for public schools and universities was often combated by those in his own party.» [3] «William "Willie" Armstrong | William Armstrong was born c1804 in Painter Heugh (or Hugh), (which was an old lane dating from medieval Newcastle, a lane joining lower part of Dean Street to the higher part of Pilgrim Street), the name possibly derived from the fact that ships tied up here in the tidal parts of the Lort Burn (now filled).» [4] «Kosciusko, Mississippi | Kosciusko is a city in Attala County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 7,402 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Attala County.» [5] «Attala County, Mississippi | Attala County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, the population was 19,564. Its county seat is Kosciusko. Attala County is named for Atala, a fictional Native American heroine from an early-19th-century novel of the same name by François-René de Chateaubriand.» [6] «Kosciusko Island | Kosciusko Island is an island in the Alexander Archipelago of southeastern Alaska, United States. It lies near the northwest corner of Prince of Wales Island, just across the El Capitan Passage from the larger island. The island is near Mount Francis, Holbrook Mountain, and Tokeen Peak. Kosciusko Island has a land area of 171.585 sq mi (444.403 km²), making it the 38th largest island in the United States. It had a population of 52 persons as of the 2000 census, mostly in Edna Bay, its largest community.» Question: `William Hughes Miller was born in a city with how many inhabitants ? Reasoning: Let's think step by step in order to Answer: 7,402 Answer: 7,402