{
  "answer": "The options mentioned for positional encoding are learned and fixed positional encodings, specifically sinusoidal positional encodings (using sine and cosine functions of different frequencies) and learned positional embeddings.",
  "start_page_num": 6,
  "start_line_num": 31,
  "end_page_num": 6,
  "end_line_num": 41,
  "confidence": 0.99,
  "justification": "Lines 31-41 discuss the choices for positional encodings, stating that there are many choices including learned and fixed encodings. It then explains the use of sine and cosine functions (sinusoidal encoding) and notes that learned positional embeddings were also experimented with.",
  "quotes": [
    "There are many choices of positional encodings, learned and fixed [9].",
    "In this work, we use sine and cosine functions of different frequencies: ...",
    "We also experimented with using learned positional embeddings [9] instead, and found that the two versions produced nearly identical results (see Table 3 row (E))."
  ],
  "caveats": [],
  "complete_answer_found": true,
  "context_structured": true,
  "llm_discovered_keywords": [
    "positional encodings",
    "learned",
    "fixed",
    "sinusoidal",
    "sine and cosine functions",
    "learned positional embeddings"
  ]
}